Global climate change is one of the most pressing issues of the modern era. The latest data shows that Earth’s surface temperature has increased by about 1.1 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the 20th century. The World Meteorological Agency (WMO) reports that extreme weather phenomena such as tropical storms, droughts and forest fires are becoming more frequent. One of the most recent events is the forest fires in Australia, which have destroyed thousands of hectares of land and resulted in the loss of habitat for several species. Sea level rise also continues to be a concern. According to the latest research from NASA, global sea levels are rising an average of 3.3 millimeters per year. This has the potential to result in pollution of clean water sources and loss of agricultural land. Delta regions such as Jakarta and Bangkok face serious threats due to a combination of land subsidence and rising sea levels. Mitigating this impact is a must. The energy sector is one of the main focuses in efforts to reduce carbon emissions. The latest news states that the use of renewable energy, such as solar and wind, is increasing. In Europe, a number of countries have set ambitious targets to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Investment in green technology such as electric vehicles is also showing a positive trend, with global sales soaring every year. Agriculture and climate change are closely linked. Recent research has found that changing rain patterns and rising temperatures could reduce crop yields in many regions. This poses a challenge to food security, especially in developing countries. Sustainable agriculture and environmentally friendly practices are now increasingly being promoted to overcome this problem. Involving the community in dealing with climate change is also important. Recently, a number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) held awareness campaigns to educate the public about the importance of reducing carbon footprints. The use of social media as a campaign tool is also increasingly popular, so that information about the impacts of climate change is spread more widely. At the international level, conferences such as COP26 resulted in one important agreement: increasing the commitment of countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, several countries experience challenges in meeting agreed targets, due to dependence on fossil fuels. Commitment and real action from governments and large companies is very crucial. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a significant impact on global emissions. Even though there was a decline in emissions during the lockdown, data shows that this figure has increased again as economic activity recovers. This reminds us that climate change cannot wait and concrete, sustainable steps are needed. Education about climate change issues is also receiving increasing attention in educational institutions. Many new study programs are proposed to equip future generations with the knowledge and skills needed to face these challenges. Interdisciplinary research plays an important role in developing innovative solutions that can be implemented. In the context of adaptation, technology also shows the potential to produce positive change. The development of tools and applications to monitor environmental conditions and more accurate weather forecasts allows people to take preventive steps earlier. Nature-based solutions, such as reforestation, are also part of the strategy to increase resilience, mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Taking into account all these aspects, global climate change remains a complex challenge that requires cooperation from all elements of society, including individuals, governments and the private sector. A planned and integrated strategy is very necessary to achieve effective results.
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